Lecture 12: Toe to Toe with the Roosskies

We live today in what is often called a post-Cold War world. This is markedly different from the situation of the previous generation, when bi-polar diplomacy was the framework for international relations and international communism served as an external enemy defining American ideology by contrast. This lecture helps us understand the world of the generation of Americans immediately previous to today's by relating the origins of the Cold War with the Soviet Union during the Truman years and carrying the story through the Eisenhower and Kennedy years.

Introduction	The alliance between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, so important to the prosecution of the war against Germany, deteriorated after the war into rivalry and conflict between international communism and the western democracies.
Truman & the Cold War	President Truman sought to rally and mobilize the American response to Communist expansionism. The Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO were key elements of his effort. The conflict and rivalry of this time defined the nature of the Cold War.
Asia & Korea	The so-called “loss of China” to communism stood in counterpoint to apparent American success at containing communism in Europe. Acting in concert with the United Nations, the U.S. sought to enforce containment in Korea—with limited success, in a limited war.
The Cold War Blues	The realities of the Cold War produced disgruntlement among Americans, who went through a Second Red Scare. The Eisenhower administration promised a more vigorous response to Communist expansionism. At home, the Cold War was an influence on American hopes, habits, and fears.
Cold War in the 1960s	The Kennedy administration, too, promised to energize the crusade against Communism. What ensued instead was a series of crises—Bay of Pigs, the Cuban missile crisis, the Berlin Wall. By the mid-1960s, as the U.S. began to be seriously involved with the war in Indochina, there was no end to the Cold War in sight.

Assignments
Tocqueville	Chapter 15, “Future Prospects of the United States.” This chapter contains one of Tocqueville's most-cited pieces of prophecy, one worth considering in connection with the Soviet-American rivalry of the Cold War. · Why does Tocqueville predict the United States is to become a great nation? · How does it compare in character with Russia?
WWW	· The Marshall Plan – read the original text, courtesy of the National Archives · What did President Kennedy say at the Berlin Wall? And President Reagan? Find out at this American Originals page courtesy of the National Archives.

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