7.  Politics: Commonwealth and Dominion

 

Outline of Lecture

Introduction

New Zealand and Australia have definite governmental similarities: their colonial origins, their historic parliamentary organizations.  Yet they evolved differently, both as to institutions and as to political culture.  Their national capitols are symbols of their distinctive evolutions.

Evolution of Australian Politics

In the beginning there was no “Australian politics,” as individual colonies muddled through colonial issues with factionalized legislatures.  This led to confederation and to creation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901.  After that Australia became a parliamentary democracy exhibiting various permutations of the liberal-labour division.

Evolution of New Zealand Politics

There is apparent good order in the evolution of colonial government in New Zealand:  Treaty of Waitangi, Constitution Act of 1852, a federal system giving way to a unitary one.  In the 20th century there are some interesting surprises that spike the usual liberal-labour parliamentary system:  the rise of a Liberal party that led the way toward the welfare state, and the advent of a Labour party touting principles of neo-liberalism.

Innovations of Government

Recent years have witnessed striking changes in traditional parliamentary, constitutional monarchy: the implementation of MMP in New Zealand and the rise of republicanism in Australia.

 

Resources

WWW

Australian Republican Movement

New Zealand Parliament

Elections New Zealand – for an explanation of MMP

Australian Politics – overview and explanation of the system

Parliament of Australia

Concepts of Nationhood – outstanding lecture series on the centenary of New Zealand’s dominion status (especially good is Part 1, the address by Jamie Belich), presented by Radio New Zealand

Australia Now – an outstanding series from Radio Australia; check out, in particular here, “The Changing Face of Australian Politics”

Film

We’re Here to Help – one man fights New Zealand Inland Revenue (not yet available in the US< but there’s a trailer on YouTube)

Reading

Irving, To Constitute a Nation: A Cultural History of Australia's Constitution

 

Orange, The Treaty of Waitangi

 

Brooking, Lands for the People? The Highland Clearances and the Colonisation of New Zealand: A Biography of John McKenzie

 

Home Page HIST 381