Concepts - Part I
- Independence - if two events are independent, the
occurrence of one event does not change the probability
of a second event. Therefore we multiply the probabilities
of each of the seperate events to find the probability
of the occurrence of both events.
- Principle of Segregation - Alleles segregate such that
each gamete is equally likely to contain each of the two
alleles at one locus.
- Probability of an event is the proportion of times that
an event is expected to occur in numerous repeated trials.
- Relative frequency is th actual number of events divided
by the total number of events.
- Due to sampling a finite (small) number of events, the
relative frequency is only an estimate of the probability.
- Mutually exclusive events exist when both events cannot
occur simultaniously. If event A occurs, event B cannot
have occurred in one trial. We add the probabilities of
mutually exclusive events to determine the probability of
either one event or the other event occurring.
- Complimentary gene action - Both dominant alleles
at each of the two loci are necssary to express one
phenotypic class.
- Duplicate gene action - At least one dominant gene
is required to express one phenotypic class.
- Monohybid ratios are the result of two alleles segregating
at one locus. Di-hybrid ratios are the result of two alleles
segregating at two loci. Tri-hybrid ratios are the result
of two alleles segregating at three loci.
- Zygotic array - If we know the probability of each type
of gamete from the probability of each alleleomorph, we
can calculate the probability of each zygote genotype.
- Hypothesis testing - "A hypotheses can never be proved
or disproved by a test of significance." The data may
agree with a hypothesis, but the data may also agree with
several other hypothesis. There is always a certain probability
that even when the data support the acceptance of a hypothesis,
the data may be the result of an unusual sample and the
hypothesis may in fact be wrong.
Copyright
2000©, Ted Helms |
