Part I

Sears, E.R. 1953 Nullisomic analysis in common wheat. Am. Nat. 87:245-252.

Urau, J. 1950. The use of monosomics and nullisomics in cytogenetic studies of common wheat. Scientific Agric. 30:66-89.

Heyne, E.G., and R.W. Livers. 1953. Monosomic analysis of leaf rust reaction, awnedness, winter injury and seed color in Pawnee wheat. Argon. J. 45:54-58.

Konzak, C.F., and L.R. Joppa. 1988. The inheritance and chromosomal location of a gene for chocolate chaff in durum wheat. Genome30:229-233.

McIntosh, R.A. 1987. Gene location and gene mapping in hexaploid wheat. In Wheat and Wheat Improvement. E.Y. Heyne editor. ASA Agronomy Monograph no. 13. 2nd ed.

75% of female gametes derived from a monosomic plant are nullisomic. "This deviation from the theoretical 50% is due to the irregular behavior and resultant frequent loss of the unpaired monosome at the reduction division. On the male side the functioning gametes predominately carry 21 rather than 20 chromosomes, because pollen competition strongly favors 21-chromosome pollen." Sears (1953).

Frequencies of functioning 21- and 20- chromosome gametes produced by plants of a typical monosomic of wheat, and the resulting frequencies of disomic, monosomic, and nullisomic offspring.

Self-fertilization of a monosomic wheat plant results in F₂ progeny with the ratio 24% disomic: 73% monosomic: 3% nullisomic.