COMM 700, Research Methods in Communication
Instructor: Ross Collins

What is a journal article in communication?

Academic researchers normally consider only refereed journal articles in their search for background on a topic of their interest. But what is a journal, and how does it differ from popular, or even academic, magazines?

The difference centers on the manuscript evaluation process. Articles published in research journals normally are "peer reviewed"; that is, the journal editor sends submissions to two or more academic experts in the subject. These reviewers offer an opinion as to whether the article meets standards of the discipline, and merits publication because it adds to the state of knowledge in the field.

Secondly, most journals include primarily research, that is, new material generated through use of accepted research methods and data. Essays and articles may be included, but usually they are clearly labeled as such, and separate from research pieces.

How can you tell the difference between research and popular periodicals? Try this checklist.

Scholarly or research journals in communication usually:

• Include a description of the "peer-review" or "blind-referee" process somewhere in the submitter's guidelines.
• Include an editorial board of recognized scholars, sponsored by a professional association.
• Include rather lengthy articles, five to 20 or more pages.
• Usually are issued quarterly, or less.
• Include few advertisements.
• Often publish literature reviews.
• Generally cover a specific, carefully defined subject.
• May use technical or specialized vocabulary.
• Include footnotes or in-text references, and a references page or bibliography.

Popular magazines, on the other hand:

• Usually publish shorter articles (5 pages or less).
• Usually publish articles written in widely-accessible, non-specialized language.
• Make no mention of a peer-review process.
• Do not usually feature and editorial board or formal sponsorship of a scholarly professional organization.
• Include articles on a variety of less-specialized subjects.
• May be published monthly, even weekly.
• Normally don't include footnotes or bibliography.
• Include extensive, full-color advertising for commercial products.

It's true some magazines fall between the two areas, including long, extensively-researched pieces. Atlantic Monthly, Harper's, and American Heritage spring to mind. However, these magazines normally distinguish themselves clearly from research journals because they don't rely on a formal peer-review process.