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Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals
Veterinary Science 135

INTEGUMENT

The integument is the protective covering of the body. It consists of the skin, hair, horns, hooves or claws, feathers, etc.

I. General terminology

II. Functions of the integument

A. Protection

B. Sensation

C. Temperature regulation

D. Synthesis of vitamin D

E. Secretion and excretion

III. Skin

A. Layers

1. Epidermis

a. Epithelium

b. Pigment

2. Dermis

a. Connective tissue

b. Contents

(3. Subcutaneous tissue)

B. Glands

1. Sebaceous glands

a. Functions

b. Sebum

2. Sweat glands

a. Functions

b. Sweat

c. Distribution

3. Mammary glands

4. Anal glands

a. Structure

b. Location

c. Function

C. Hairs

1. Cross section

a. Cuticle

b. Cortex

c. Medulla

2. Distribution

a. Even distribution

b. Hair beds

i. Clusters

ii. Guard hairs

iii. Wool hairs

3. Patterns

a. Streams

b. Vortices

4. Parts of a hair

a. Shaft

b. Root

c. Bulb

d. Follicle

i. Structure

ii. Function

iii. Pigment

5. Arrector pili muscle

a. Structure

b. Function

c. Purposes

6. Specialized hairs

IV. Hoof of the horse

A. Hoof wall

1. Bars

2. Coronary band

3. Layers of wall

a. Periople and thin outer layer

b. Middle layer

c. Inner layer

i. Insensitive lamina

ii. Sensitive lamina

4. Areas of wall

a. Toe

b. Quarters

c. Heel

5. Growth of wall

B. White line

C. Sole

1. Structure

2. Characteristics

D. Frog

1. Structure

2. Characteristics

3. Apex

4. Base

5. Collateral sulci

E. Ergot

1. Location

F. Chestnut

1. Location

V. Claw of dog/cat

A. Wall

B. Sole

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