Igathinathane Cannayen

Associate Professor

Faculty

Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

Dr. Igathi Cannayen

Dr. Igathinathane Cannayen is an Associate Professor in the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, NDSU, Fargo, ND, US. He currently focuses on engineering-related issues of biomass feedstock preprocess engineering, including logistics, precision agriculture using machine vision, artificial intelligence applications in agriculture, software tool development, circular bioeconomy, and innovation in research. Dr. Cannayen is a life member of ASABE, ISAE, Gamma Sigma Delta, and an editorial board member of “Journal of Renewable Energy”, “Scientifica”, and “Heliyon” peer-reviewed journals and “ASABE Resource Magazine”. Dr. Cannayen publised peer-reviewed journal artilces (119), presented conference outputs (240), popular articles (4), dataset (5), field day presentations (63), book chapters (5), edited book (1), and textbook (1). Google Scholar h-index (40) and citations (5455).

MY 27-9-3: PROFESSIONAL SUMMARY:
1. I am an NDSU Associate Professor of agricultural engineering.
2. I specialize in biomass processing, machine-vision, and circular bioeconomy.
3. My work helps agricultural processing, products, and biomass users.

Areas of Study & Research

Circular bioeconomy; precision agriculture; machine vision and image processing; machine and deep learning; open-source software tools development; biomass and feedstock process engineering; biomass storage; biomass logistics; biomass physical, mechanical, and thermal quality analysis; postharvest and agricultural process and food engineering; mathematical modeling and numerical simulation; computer applications in agricultural engineering; and innovation in research.

Other Research Interests

Application of LaTeX in Agricultural Engineering publications. NDSU LaTeX Thesis Class development. Open-source software technologies and tool development.

Courses Taught

  1. ABEN-758 Applied Computer Imaging and Sensing for Biosystems (2 + 1)
  2. ABEN-790 Graduate Seminar (2 + 0)
  3. ABEN-799 Doctoral Dissertation (0 + 30)

Previous Work

  • Senior Assistant Professor of Agricultural Engineering with Agricultural Processing Focus, ANGRAU, India.
  • Postdoctoral Research Associate - Univiersity of Tennessee, Knoxville; Mississippi State University, Mississippi State; and University of British Columbia, Vancouver.

Current Grants

  • Cattle Grazing Level and Plant Species Composition and Preference Evaluation Using Artificial In-telligence and Development of Cattle Mounted Vision System. Funding agency USDA-ARS. Total grant: $101,340.
  • Developing Remote Sensing and Image Processing Tools for North Dakota Agricultural and Rangeland Applications. Specific Cooperative Agreement between USDA-ARS and NDSU.
    Total grant: $54,888.

Professional Associations

  • Member of Editorial Board: Helion, Journal of Renewable Energy, and Scientifica
  • Member of Gamma Sigma Delta (NDSU and Mississippi State University)
  • Life member of ASABE
  • ASABE Technical Committees in the capacity of member, vice chair, chair, and past chair: P-513 Resource Editorial Board; PRS; Special Session Lead “One Health” ASABE 2024; Standards and Technical Council; ES-220, Biomass Energy & Industrial Byproducts; PRS-03 Processing Systems Standards Oversight; PRS-02, Process Systems Executive and Steering; PRS-701 Physical Properties of Ag. & Biological Processes; MS-23/7/2, Forage and Biomass Engineering; and ITSC-312, Machine Vision
  • Life Member of Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers (ISAE)

Links

University Affiliations

Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

Education

  • Ph.D. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur; Agricultural Process and Food Engineering
  • M.Tech. Indian Institute of Technology; Post Harvest Engineering
  • BE(Ag). Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore; Agricultural Engineering

Publications

Total: 119
Current and past year peer-reviewed journal articles (2 years)

(* - Corresponding author and principal investigator(PI); # - Co-investigator; § - Significant collaborator; - Primaryresearcher)

  • Gupta, M.J., Igathinathane, C.*, Nishad, J., Tazeen, H., Joice, A., Sunoj, S., Mohan, A., Kumar, P., Adiga, J.D. Assessment of physicochemical properties of cashew apple through computer vision. AgriEngineering, 2025 7(12), 398: 38 pages. URL.
  • Whippo, C.W., Coale, E., Igathinathane, C.#, Heintzman, L., Friedrichsen, C., Archer, D.W. 2025. Crop sequence complexity of the major land resource areas (MLRA) in the contiguous United States (CONUS). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 396 (2026) 110003: 11 pages. URL.
  • Igathinathane, C.#, Clementson, C.* 2025. Assessing the intrapore volume and surface area of single corn kernel using CT scan imaging and machine vision. Smart Agricultural Technology, 12 (2025) 101231: 21 pages. URL.
  • Rui, Z., Zhang, Z.*, Hao, C., He, J., Igathinathane, C.§, Azizi, A., Song, L., Guo, H., Wu, X., Zhang, M., Abid, F., Javidan, S.M. 2025. Development and field evaluation of a straddle-frame honeysuckle harvesting robot. Biosystems Engineering, 257 (2025) 104234: 15 pages. URL.
  • Manzoor, S.H., Li, H., Zhang, Z.*, Li, H., Zhang, Q., Chen, K., Igathinathane, C.§, Li, T., Li, W., Tahir, M.N.,Mustafa, N., Mhamed, M. 2025. Optimized Yolov5s-Im for real-time apple flower detection in drone-based pollination. Smart Agricultural Technology, 12 (2025) 101150: 15 pages.URL.
  • Igathinathane, C.*, Visvanathan, R., Bora, G., Rahman, S. 2025. Computer vision-based multiple-width measurements for agricultural produce. AgriEngineering, 2025 7(7) 204: 21 pages. URL.
  • Bazrafkan, A.*, Igathinathane, C.§, Bandillo, N. Flores, P., 2025. Optimizing integration techniques for UAS and satellite mage data in precision agriculture — A review. Frontiers in Remote Sensing, 2025 6:1622884: 21 pages. URL.
  • Tazeen, H., Joice, A., Tufaique, T., Igathinathane, C.*, Ademola, A., Zhang, Z., Whippo, C., Scott, D., Hendrickson, J., Archer, D., Pordesimo, L., Sokhansanj, S. 2025. Jasmine flower color degradation user-coded computer vision image analysis tool and kinetics modeling. AgriEngineering, 20257(6)193: 28pages. URL.
  • Q. Zhang, Q., Zhang, Z.*, Manzoor, S.H., Li, T., Igathinathane, C.§, Li, W., Zhang, M., Mhamed, M., Javidan, S.M., Abdelhamid, M. 2025. A comprehensive review of autonomous flower pollination techniques: Progress, challenges, and future directions. ‘Agricultural Cybernetics’ Special Issue. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 237 (2025) 110577: 28 pages. URL.
  • Sunoj, S., Igathinathane, C.*, Flores, J.P., Sidhu, H., Monono, E., Archer, D., Hendrickson, J. 2025. Crop row identification and plant cluster segmentation for stand count from UAS imagery based on profile and geometry. Smart Agricultural Technology, 11 (2025) 100938: 14 pages. URL.
  • Baidhe, E., Chowdhury, S.T., Igathinathane, C.§, Hammed, A., Hellevang, K., Clementson, C.L.*. 2025. Characterization of breakage behavior of corn kernel during handling operations. Journal of the ASABE, 68(2): 195–206. URL.
  • Liu, X., Zhang, Z.*, Li, Y., Igathinathane, C.§, Yu, J., Rui, Z., Azizi, A., Wang, X., Pourreza, A., Zhang, M. 2025. Early-stage detection of maize seed germination based on RGB image and machine vision. Smart Agricultural Technology, 11 (2025) 100927: 11 pages. URL.
  • Betitame, K., Igathinathane, C.§, Howatt, K., Mettler, J., Koparan, C., Sun, X*. 2024. Comparing the efficiency of RGB and multispectral sensors for weed species mapping in soybean field using UAV. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 20 (2025) 101784: 16 pages. URL.
  • Subhasharee, S. N., Igathinathane, C.*, Hendrickson, J., Archer, D., Liebig, M., Halvorson, J., Kronberg, S., Toledo, D., Sedivec, K. 2025. Evaluating remote sensing resolutions and machine learning methods for biomass yield prediction in northern great plains pastures. Agriculture MDPI. Agriculture, 2025, 15(5) 505: 24 pages. URL.
  • Sunoj, S., Igathinathane, C.*, Saliendra, N., Hendrickson, J., Archer, D., Liebig. 2025. PhenoCam guidelines for phenology measurement and analysis in agricultural cropping environment: A case study of soybean. Remote Sensing, 17(4), 724: 28 pages. URL.
  • Joice, A., Tufaique, T., Tazeen, H., Igathinathane, C.*, Zhang, Z., Wippo, C., Hendrickson, J., Archer, D., 2025. Applications of Raspberry Pi for precision agriculture—A systematic review. Agriculture, 2025, 15(3) 227: 31 pages. URL.
  • Long, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Q., Zhao, X., Igathinathane, C.§., Xing, J., Saha, C. K., Sheng, W., Li, H., Zhang, M. Comprehensive wheat lodging detection under different UAV heights using machine/deep learning models. 2025. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 231 (2025) 109972: 16 pages. URL.
  • Ademola, A., Cihacek, L., Rahman, S., Sunoj, S., Igathinathane, C.§., 2025. Mineral nitrogen availability from codigested biodigester products as affected by feedstock pretreatment. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 89, e70005. URL.
  • Hua, W., Zhang, W., Zhao, Z.*, Liu, X., Huang, M., Igathinathane, C.§, Vougioukas, S., Saha, C.K., Mustafa, N.S., Salama, D.S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, M. 2025. Vacuum suction end-effector development for robotic harvesters of fresh market apples. Biosystems Engineering, 249 (2025): 28–40. URL.
  • Azizi, A., Zhang, Z.*, Hua, W., Li, M., Igathinathane, C.§, Yang, L., Ampatzidis, Y., Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, M., Radi, Zhang, M., Li, H., 2024. Image processing and artificial intelligence for apple detection and localization: A comprehensive review. Computers Science Review, 54 (2024) 100690: 25 pages. URL.
  • Yu, J., Zhang, Z.*, Li, Y., Hua, W., Igathinathane, C.§, Mhamed, M., Zhang W., Jiao, X., Yang, L., Zhang, M., Li, H., 2024. In-field grading and sorting technology of apples: A state-of-the-art review. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 226 (2024) 109383: 15 pages. URL
  • Toledo, D.*, Hendrickson, J., Kobilansky, C., Liebig, M., Kronberg, S., Christensen, R., Archer, D., Branson, D., Rand, T., Campbel, J., Igathinathane, C.. 2024. The Common Experiment at Northern Plains: Grazing land. Journal of Environmental Quality, 53(6), 921–929. URL.
  • Yu, J., Zhang, Z., Liu, X., Chen, K., Li, Y., Igathinathane, C.§, Wang, X., Zhang, M., Li, H., Ha. T. 2024. Automatic maize seeding machine watering spray angle determination by using a novel index. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 224 (2024) 109234: 15 pages. URL.
  • Rui, Z., Zhang, Z.*, Zhang, M., Azizi, A., Igathinathane, C.§, Cen, H., Vougioukas, S., Li, H., Zhang, J., Jiang, Y., Jiao, X., Wang, M., Ampatzidis, Y., Oladele, O.I., Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, M., Radi Radi. 2024. High-throughput Proximal Ground Crop Phenotyping Systems — A Comprehensive Review. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 224 (2024) 109108: 22 pages. URL.
  • Liebig, M.*, Whippo, C., Saliendra, N., Scott, D., Archer, D., Clemensen, A., Halvorson, J., Friedrichsen, C., Christensen, R.,
    Igathinathane, C. 2024. The LTAR common experiment at Northern plains: Cropland. Journal of Environmental Quality, 53(6), 913–920. URL.
  • Ram, B.G., Oduor, P., Igathinathane, C.§, Howatt, K., Sun, X*. 2023. A systematic review of hyperspectral imaging in precision agriculture: Analysis of its current state and future prospects. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 222 (2024) 109037: 23 pages. URL.
  • Igathinathane, C.*, Yu, M. 2024. Biomass size reduction energy — Multiple and generalized regression models development. Agricultural Research & Technology. Open Access Journal (2024) 28(3) 556410: 21 pages. URL.
  • Li, Y., Zhang, Z.*, Azizi, A., Kabir, M.H., Igathinathane, C.§, Wang, X., Tahir, M.N., Han, X.*, Zhang, M. 2024. Seeding detection and distribution evaluation using the developed automatic maize seeding machine. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 220 (2024) 108872: 12 pages. URL.
  • Tumuluru, J.S., Igathinathane, C.*, Archer, D., McCulloch, R. 2024. Biomass feedstocks breakeven distance transportation analysis. Frontiers in Energy Research — Bioenergy and Biofuels. Research Topic: 10 Years of Frontiers in Energy Research, 12 (2024), 1347581: 17 pages. URL.
  • Xiaohang, L., Zhao, Z.*, Igathinathane, C.§, Paulo, P., Man, Z., Han, L., Xiongzhe, H., Tuan, H., Yiannis, A., Hak-Jin, K. 2024. Infield corn kernel detection using image processing, machine learning, and deep learning methodologies undernatural lighting. Expert Systems With Applications, 238 E (2024) 122278: 14 pages. URL.
  • Azizi, A., Zhang, Z., Rui, Z.,Li, Y., Igathinathane, C.§, Mathew, J., Pourreza, A., Han, X., Zhang, M. 2024. Comprehensive wheat lodging detection after initial lodging using UAS RGB images. Expert Systems With Applications, 238 B (2024) 121788: 16 pages. URL.

Presentations

Total: 119
Current and the past year presentations/posters (2 years)
  • Tazeen, H., Tufaique, T., Joice, A., Gupta, M.J., Igathinathane, C.*, Hebert, D. 2025. Evaluating the growth morphology of microgreens in the greenhouse using luminescent Quantum-Dot films. 2nd Annual ND Controlled Environment Agriculture Conference, August 13, 2025. Bismarck, ND (Poster Presentation).
  • Joice, A., Tazeen, H., Tufaique, T., Igathinathane, C.*, Whippo, C., Hendrickson, J., Archer, D. 2025. Optimizing lightweight edge machine and deep learning models for Raspberry Pi in precision agriculture. ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 13–16, 2025, Toronto, ON, Canada (Abstract submitted).
  • Tazeen, H., Tufaique, T., Joice, A., Igathinathane, C.*, Archer, D., Friedrichsen, C. 2025. Integrating Quantum Dot films and circular bioeconomy practices for sustainable microgreen farming. ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 13–16, 2025, Toronto, ON, Canada (Abstract submitted).
  • Tazeen, H., Joice, A., Tufaique, T., Igathinathane, C.*, Whippo, C., Hendrickson, J., Archer, D. 2025. Modeling color kinetics and degradation in jasmine flowers using ImageJ software. ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 13–16, 2025, Toronto, ON, Canada (Abstract submitted).
  • Tufaique, T., Tazeen, H., Joice, A., Igathinathane, C.* 2025. Integrating image processing and nematology for soil fertility assessment: A novel inter-disciplinary approach. ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 13–16, 2025, Toronto, ON, Canada (Abstract submitted).
  • Gupta, M.J., Igathinathane, C.*, Kronberg, S., Christensen, R., Whippo, C., Hendrickson, J., Archer, D. 2025. Evaluation of cattle grazing and plant species preference—A systematic literature review. ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 13–16, 2025, Toronto, ON, Canada (Abstract submitted).
  • Joice, A., Tazeen, H., Tufaique, T., Gupta, M.J., Igathinathane, C.*, Whippo, C., Hendrickson, J., Archer, D. 2025. An embedded vision system for early spoilage detection in biomass storage using Raspberry Pi and OpenCV. Science and Engineering for a Biobased Industry and Economy (S-1075), July 10–11, 2025, NDSU Fargo, ND, USA. “Travel award” awarded $150 (Poster Presentation).
  • Tazeen, H., Joice, A., Tufaique, T., Gupta, M.J., Igathinathane, C.*, Hebert, D., Liebig, M., Hendrickson, J., Archer, D. 2025. Enhancing microgreen cultivation and postharvest biomass utilization using Quantum-Dot films. Science and Engineering for a Biobased Industry and Economy (S-1075), July 10–11, 2025, NDSU Fargo, ND, USA. “Travel award” awarded $150 + Best Poster awarded $100 (Poster Presentation).
  • Tufaique, T., Tazeen, H., Joice, A., Gupta, M.J., Igathinathane, C.* 2025. A machine vision framework for sustainable disease monitoring in cereal crops: Toward a biobased agricultural economy. Science and Engineering for a Biobased Industry and Economy (S-1075), July 10–11, 2025, NDSU Fargo, ND, USA. “Travel award” awarded $150 (Poster Presentation).
  • Gupta, M.J., Joice, A., Tazeen, H., Tufaique, T., Igathinathane, C.*, Kronberg, S., Christensen, R., Whippo, C., Hendrickson, J., Archer, D. 2025. Evaluation of cattle grazing vis-à-vis biomass estimation for sustainable ecosystems. Science and Engineering for a Biobased Industry and Economy (S-1075), July 10–11, 2025, NDSU Fargo, ND, USA (Poster Presentation).
  • Jammeh, P.T., Igathinathane, C.†, Hulke, B., Prasifka, J., Tazeen, H., Sun, X., Monono, E. 2025. Machine vision-based mass grading of red sunflower seed weevil-infested seeds using ImageJ. Science and Engineering for a Biobased Industry and Economy (S-1075), July 10–11, 2025, NDSU Fargo, ND, USA (Poster Presentation).
  • Tufaique, T., Tazeen, H., Joice, A., Gupta, M. J., Igathinathane, C.*. 2025. Integrating AI and remote sensin for crop disease monitoring: A review of current trends. 2025 ASABE North Central Intersectional Conference, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. 24–25 April 2025. (Poster presentation).
  • Joice, A., Tufaique, T., Tazeen, H., Gupta, M. J., Igathinathane, C.*. 2025. Automated real-time plant health monitoring prototype model in greenhouse using Raspberry Pi and triad spectroscopy sensor. 2025 ASABE North Central Intersectional Conference, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. 24–25 April 2025. (Oral presentation).
  • Tazeen, H., Tufaique, T., Joice, A., Gupta, M. J., Igathinathane, C.*. 2025. 2025. Automated characterization of wheat grain morphology using computer vision techniques. 2025 ASABE North Central Intersectional Conference, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. 24–25 April 2025. (Oral presentation).
  • Gupta, M. J., Tazeen, H., Joice, A., Tufaique, T., Igathinathane, C.*. 2025. Assessing physico-chemical and textural properties of wheat-cashew apple-finger millet flour composite based cookies using ImageJ. 2025 ASABE North Central Intersectional Conference, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. 24–25 April 2025. (Oral presentation).
  • Toledo, D.*, Hendrickson, J., Liebig, M., Kobilansky, C., Carrlson, A., Kronberg, S., Christensen, R., Archer, D., Branson, D., Rand, T., Campbel, J., Igathinathane, C.. 2025. Multi-species grazing, mob grazing, and fire effects on cool-season grass invaded rangelands of the northern great plains of North America. XII International Rangeland Congress, Australia, 2025. (Proceedings - Submitted).
  • Joice, A., Tufaique, T., Tazeen, H., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. A comparative analysis of machine learning and feature selection techniques for estimating corn biomass using multispectral satellite imagery. NDSU All Agriculture Conference, November 5-7, 2024, Fargo, ND (Poster Presentation).
  • Tufaique, T., Tazeen, H., Joice, A., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. Simulating plant grazing and evaluation using machine vision technology. NDSU All Agriculture Conference, November 5-7, 2024, Fargo, ND (Poster Presentation).
  • Tazeen, H., Joice, A., Tufaique, T., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. Optimizing plant growth through light management: Exploring the effects of light quality and intensity. NDSU All Agriculture Conference, November 5-7, 2024, Fargo, ND (Poster Presentation).
  • Tufaique, T., Joice, A., Tazeen, H., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. Inter-relationship between water and phytopathology: consequences for sustainable agricultural practices. 2024 South Dakota Student Water Conference. Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, SDSU, October 15, 2024, Brookings, South Dakota (Poster Presentation).
  • Tazeen, H., Tufaique, T., Joice, A., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. Adapting circular water management practices for agriculture through balancing water quality. 2024 South Dakota Student Water Conference. Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, SDSU, October 15, 2024, Brookings, South Dakota (Poster Presentation).
  • Joice, A., Tazeen, H., Tufaique, T., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. A dynamic weather-responsive irrigation system using Raspberry Pi for predictive water management. 2024 South Dakota Student Water Conference. Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, SDSU, October 15, 2024, Brookings, South Dakota (Oral presentation).
  • Tazeen, H., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. Microgreens: Pioneering a sustainable future. ND Control Environment Agriculture Conference, September 18, 2024, Memorial Union, NDSU, Fargo, ND (Oral presentation).
  • Tazeen, H., Joice, A., Tufaique, T., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. Circular bioeconomy approaches for the poultry manure management. ASABE Paper No. 2400405, ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 28 – 31, 2024, Anaheim, California, USA (Poster Presentation).
  • Tazeen, H., Tufaique, T., Joice, A., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. Microgreens and organic waste management through circular bioeconomy. ASABE Paper No. 2400406, ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 28 – 31, 2024, Anaheim, California, USA (Poster Presentation).
  • Joice, A., Tazeen, H., Tufaique, T., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. From pixels to harvests: Corn biomass estimation through satellite imagery normalized difference texture index driven machine learning. ASABE Paper No. 2400688, ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 28 – 31, 2024, Anaheim, California, USA (Poster Presentation).
  • Joice, A., Tufaique, T., Tazeen, H., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. LeafGuard AI: Innovating corn health with Raspberry Pi-powered site-specific disease detection. ASABE Paper No. 2400693, ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 28–31, 2024, Anaheim, California, USA (Oral Presentation).
  • Tufaique, T., Joice, A., Tazeen, H., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. Grazing revolution 360°: Java real-time 3D and 2D transformation simulation of grazing plant. ASABE Paper No. 2400777, ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 28 – 31, 2024, Anaheim, California, USA (Oral Presentation).
  • Tazeen, H., Tufaique, T., Joice, A., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. Enhancing microgreen sustainable production through soil reuse using circular bioeconomy. Science and Engineering for a Biobased Industry and Economy (S-1075), July 25, 2024, SDSU Brookings, SD, USA. “Travel award” awarded $330 (Poster Presentation).
  • Joice, A.,Tazeen, H., Tufaique, T., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. Developing a lightweight machine learning model to estimate corn biomass through satellite imagery for edge computing. ITSC. ASABE North Central Regional Section Meeting, SDSU, April 11–12, 2024. Brookings, SD. (Oral presentation).
  • Tazeen, H., Joice, A., Tufaique, T., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. An overview circular bioeconomy practices for cropland and rangelands. ITSC. ASABE North Central Regional Section Meeting, SDSU, April 11–12, 2024. Brookings, SD. (Poster presentation).
  • Tazeen, H., Tufaique, T., Joice, A., Igathinathane, C.* 2024. Harnessing the potential of microgreens — investigating their nutritional qualities. ITSC. ASABE North Central Regional Section Meeting, SDSU, April 11–12, 2024. Brookings, SD. (Poster presentation).