Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758)
 

Nezara viridula (Linnaeus)
Photo courtesy of Larvalbug

Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) nymph
Photo courtesy of Larvalbug

Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) nymph
Photo courtesy of Larvalbug

Cimex viridulus Linnaeus, 1758: 444.

Cimex torquatus Fabricius, 1775: 710. (syn. by Dallas, 1851)

Cimex smaragdulus Fabricius, 1775: 711. (syn. by Dallas, 1851)

Cimex transversus Thunberg, 1783: 40, fig. 53. (syn. by Stål, 1855)

Cimex variabilis Villers, 1789: 505. (syn. by Reuter, 1888)

Cimex spirans Fabricius, 1798: 533. (syn. by Stål, 1868)

Cimex viridissimus Wolff, 1801: 55, pl. 6 figs. 52a, b. (homonym; syn. by Burmeister, 1834)

Pentatoma torquatus: Lateille, 1804: 190.

Pentatoma viridulum: Billberg, 1820: 70.

Pentatoma smaragdulum: Herrich-Schäffer, 1833: pl. 7 & text.

Rhaphigaster smaragdulus: Herrich-Schäffer, 1835: 57, 94.

Rhaphigaster torquatus: Herrich-Schäffer, 1835: 57, 94.

Pentatoma oblonga Westwood, 1837: 9, 37-38. (syn. by Distant, 1901)

Pentatoma unicolor Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)

Pentatoma berylina Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1876)

Pentatoma subsericea Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)

Pentatoma leii Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)

Pentatoma tripunctigera Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)

Pentatoma chinensis Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)

Pentatoma proxima Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)

Pentatoma viridissima: Westwood, 1837: 9.

Pentatoma chlorocephala Westwood, 1837: 9, 38. (syn. by Stål, 1865)

Pentatoma propinqua Westwood, 1837: 9, 39. (syn. by Stål, 1865)

Cimex hemichloris Germar, 1838: 166. (syn. by Dallas, 1851)

Nezara smaragdula: Amyot & Serville, 1843: 144-145.

Pentatoma smaragdula var. minor Costa, 1843: 57. (nomen oblitum)

Nezara approximata Reiche & Fairmaire, 1848: 443-444. (syn. by Stål, 1865)

Pentatoma plicaticollis Lucas, 1849: 87-88, pl. 3 fig. 9. (syn. by Puton, 1869)

Rhaphigaster prasinus Dallas, 1851: 274. (syn. by Stål, 1865)

Rhaphigaster subsericeus: Dallas, 1851: 274.

Rhaphigaster orbus Stål, 1854: 221. (syn. by Stål, 1865)

Nezara viridula: Stål, 1865: 193-195.

Pentatoma vicaria Walker, 1867: 303. (syn. by Distant, 1900)

Nezara viridula var. aurantiaca Costa, 1884: 37, 58. (syn. by Reuter, 1907)

Nezara viridula var. hepatica Horváth, 1903: 406. (syn. by Reuter, 1907)

Distribution: North America: United States (Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia). Central America: Costa Rica, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico (Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama. West Indies: Barbados, Bermuda, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent, U.S. Virgin Islands. South America: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Río Negro, Salta, San Juan, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán), Brazil (Distrito Federal, Guanabara, Minas Geraes, Para, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador (Galapagos Islands), Uruguay, Venezuela. Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Mauritius (Rodrigues), Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles Islands, Sierra Leone, Saint Helena, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tunisia. Europe: Albania, Austria, Azores, Bulgaria, France (Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (Crete), Hungary, Italy (continental, Sardinia, Sicily), Macedonia, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia. North Asia: Russia (ST). Southwest Asia: Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen. Central Asia: Afghanistan. South Asia: Bangladesh, Cocos Island, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal), Pakistan, Sri Lanka. East Asia: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Korea, Macao, Taiwan. Southeast Asia: Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan, Maluku Islands, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Sunda Islands), Laos, Malaysia (Malaya), Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand. Australian: Australia (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia), New Caledonia, New Guinea (New Britain), New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands. Oceania: Caroline Islands, Fiji, Mariana Islands, Palau, Tonga, Vanuatu.

Type Material: Cimex viridulus Linnaeus, 1758: ST(S), Indiis [= India], UZIU. Cimex torquatus Fabricius, 1775: ST(S), India, ZMUC (in Kiel collection). Cimex smaragdulus Fabricius, 1775: STS (3), Insula Madera, BMNH (2, at least ); Insula Madera, ZMUC (in Kiel collection; 1). Cimex transversus Thunberg, 1783: ST(S), Cape Bonae Spei [South Africa], UZIU. Cimex variabilis Villers, 1789: ST(S), Occitania, probably lost. Cimex spirans Fabricius, 1798: ST(S), America Insulis, ZMUC (in Kiel collection). Cimex viridissimus Wolff, 1801: ST(S), India orientali, probably lost. Pentatoma oblonga Westwood, 1837: ST(S), , Java [Indonesia], OXUM. Pentatoma unicolor Westwood, 1837: ST(S), , Java [Indonesia], OXUM. Pentatoma berylina Westwood, 1837: ST(S), , India Orientali, Cuna, OXUM. Pentatoma subsericea Westwood, 1837: ST(S), , India Orientali, Cuna, OXUM. Pentatoma leii Westwood, 1837: ST(S), Cap. Bonae Spei [= South Africa], OXUM. Pentatoma tripunctigera Westwood, 1837: STS, , , Insula Sti. Vincentii, OXUM. Pentatoma proxima Westwood, 1837: ST(S), , E. Insula Teneriffe [Canary Islands], OXUM. Pentatoma chinensis Westwood, 1837: ST(S), , China, OXUM. Pentatoma chlorocephala Westwood, 1837: ST(S), , Brasilia?, OXUM. Cimex hemichloris Germar, 1838: ST(S), Bonae Spei [South Africa], MLUH? Pentatoma smaragdula var. minor Costa, 1843: HT, Neapolitania, ZIUN? Nezara approximata Reiche & Fairmaire, 1848: STS, Abyssinie [= Ethiopia], MNHN? Pentatoma plicaticollis Lucas, 1849: STS, Algeria, Houbeira, MNHN. Rhaphigaster orbus Stål, 1854: ST(S), terra Natalensi [South Africa], NHRS. Pentatoma vicaria Walker, 1867: HT, Hindostan, BMNH. Nezara viridula var. aurantiaca Costa, 1884: HT, Sardinia, Oristano, ZIUN? Nezara viridula var. hepatica Horváth, 1903: STS, , , Algeria, St. Charles, HNHM.

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